What Causes Post-Mastectomy Pain

What Is Post-Mastectomy Pain?
Post-mastectomy pain (MP), also known as post-mastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS), is persistent pain following a breast cancer operation. A mastectomy is major surgery, and chronic pain following surgery is one possible complication. There is no single particular type of MP. Patients can feel muscle spasms, numbness, tingling, burning, tenderness, or a dull ache around the breast. Pain might be felt in the chest, the armpit, or the arm on the side of the body where the operation was done. Some patients experience "frozen" shoulder-pain, stiffness, and lack of mobility in the shoulder. Sometimes the skin on the breast or chest becomes inflamed causing itching or burning.

Is Post-Mastectomy Pain Normal?
PMPS, to some degree, is common after a total mastectomy, a partial mastectomy, a lumpectomy, and breast reconstruction following surgery. Studies have found that between 25 percent and 50 percent of women who have had breast cancer surgery experience some level of pain, ranging from mild to severe. The pain can begin as soon as the day of the operation or appear up to three months after surgery. Mastectomy pain can last from a few days to as long as three years, if left untreated.

What Causes Post-Mastectomy Pain?
The two main causes of PMPS are nerve damage and the buildup of adhesions (scar tissue). One reason a mastectomy is such a serious operation is that it affects a number of muscles and nerves, depending on how much of the breast is removed and where the cancer is located. Sometimes nerves have to be sacrificed when the cancerous tumor is cut away. During any operation, adhesions form almost immediately after tissue is cut. This is the body's natural response to injury and the first step in the healing process. These adhesions cause pain when they restrict nearby tissue or internal body structures that are designed to move freely.

How Is Post-MP Treated?
Treatment for PMPS depends on the cause of the pain. For all post-mastectomy patients, standard treatment includes counseling to relieve the stress and shock of surgery. For all pain, the first treatment is over-the-counter or prescription pain medicines. This is also the main treatment for pain involving nerve damage. Acupuncture sometimes relieves nerve-related pain. Massage and physical therapy are the best treatments for pain caused by scarring. Particularly effective are massage and physical therapy techniques that break up and remove the post-operative adhesions from the body.

The Characteristics of Acute Pain and Tissue Damage

When a pain goes from being short-term to chronic, it can become difficult for the person experiencing the feeling to know the difference. After all, certain tissues can take days, weeks or months to heal fully, especially tendons and ligaments that do not receive a lot of circulation to begin with. So knowing the characteristics of acute pain is helpful for anyone who has sustained an injury and is worried that the pain may be lasting for far too long and developing into a chronic syndrome.

With an acute injury, there are often the signs of damage to the tissues. These include swelling as more nutrients and inflammatory chemicals are delivered to the injured site, redness as blood vessels open more fully to increase circulation, and a feeling of heat in the injured spot, also due to the increased delivery of hot blood. These are the body's main responses to tissue damage, and they are used to isolate the injury and begin healing it as quickly as possible.

The most important factor to keep in mind with acute pain and inflammation is that they are associated with actual tissue damage. People typically experience all of these symptoms of swelling, redness, and heat at the site of an injury when there is actual damage to the tissues in that area. And pressing on the inflamed body part or rubbing the site of the damage can cause flare ups in the level of pain. This all would indicate an acute injury, rather than chronic pain.

With acute pain, there is also usually a pattern with the feelings of pain and stiffness in the affected body part. The stiffness is often at its worst at night before bed and in the morning after rising. This happens because the circulation of fluids and nutrients throughout the night can cause the viscosity of certain tissues to increase, making them harder. Increased pain and stiffness in the morning is one main factor of lower back pain due to the increased fluid in the discs.

A final sign of acute injury is that anti-inflammatory medications and over-the-counter drugs help to reduce the pain and swelling. These substances decrease the involvement of certain pro-inflammatory compounds that circulate to the injured area with acute tissue damage. Taking the anti-inflammation drugs helps by reducing these pain-producing compounds and, for most people, the pain is more bearable in the short term. Chronic pain, on the other hand, frequently does not respond to medications such as these.

Tissues can take a varying amount of time to repair fully, and they never really regenerate. The tissues will always be slightly different from what they were before the injury occurred. But most tissue damage is acute, and the pain will go away on its own over a few days, weeks, or months, depending on what has been injured and how badly. If an injury is still painful after the normal time that the tissues should have healed, then the risk of developing a chronic pain syndrome begin to rise.

Stretching For Fibromyalgia, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and Chronic Myofascial Pain - Do it Right

Gentle stretching can be performed by physical therapists and/or practiced by patients at home. Several programs have been fashioned for Fibromyalgia (FM), Chronic Myofascial Pain (CMP), and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) patients for this purpose. Stretching is important because it helps to relieve muscle tension and spasm. In difficult-to-treat areas, "spray and stretch" techniques can be used by applying a spray coolant to sore muscles, which deadens pain while the muscles are stretched. Many therapists prefer to ice the muscle, since the spray is a prescription, is flammable, and causes pollution. Ice works just as effectively.

Stretching, as it relates to physical health and fitness, is the process of placing particular parts of the body into a position that will lengthen the muscles and associated soft tissues. Stretching is a simple and effective activity that helps to minimize muscle and joint soreness in FM and other musculoskeletal conditions.

There is a right way to stretch and a wrong way to stretch. So, you must be careful. Stretching can be damaging if done incorrectly. You don't want to do more harm than good! It is important that the following guidelines be followed, both for safety and for maximizing the potential benefits of stretching.

The most important things you need to know about stretching:

Warm up the muscles FIRST: Cold muscles can injure very easily and so it is very important to warm up the body before any significant stretching or exercise. The body's core temperature needs to be brought up during your warm-up. This will increase the temperature of the muscles, making them more pliable and loose. A warm-up will also increase the heart rate, blood flow and nutrients getting to the muscles. As your breathing rate increases, the amount of essential oxygen reaching the muscles rises. A safe warm-up for a FM, CMP or CFS patient might be a brisk walk or a short swim. The warm up should not last more than 10 minutes and it shouldn't be too taxing. If your level of fitness is somewhat low or severe pain is experienced, you need to ease up.

Stretch slowly and gently: Slow gentle stretching helps to relax the muscles of the body. FM & other chronic pain sufferers who use sudden or jerky movements or over-stretch can find themselves in increased pain, muscle strain and even muscle tears. All stretches should be done as if in slow motion and as smoothly as possible.

Don't stretch further than is comfortable: Over-stretching is one of the main causes of muscle strains and tears and so it is important that each muscle is only stretched as far as is comfortable. If you overdo it you can cause the tendons and ligaments attached to the muscle to spontaneously contract which can be painful, to say the least and can cause permanent damage. Stretching should never be painful.

Practice breath control while stretching: Many people tend to hold their breath when stretching and don't even realize it. Holding your breath can cause the muscles to tense and stretching a tight muscle can lead to injury, especially in FM, CMP & CFS sufferers who already have tense and painful muscles. The amount of oxygen and nutrients needed will be greatly depleted if you hold your breath and the muscles will develop excessive lactic acid which is very painful. So make sure you BREATHE!

Doing it Right: Each stretch should be held for around 30 seconds for the maximum effect. Anything less than this will not provide a sufficient length of time for the muscle to relax and lengthen. Each muscle group needs to be stretched a minimum of two or three times in rotation as well. Chronic pain sufferers may have trouble stretching to this extent in the beginning. You should only stretch until you start to feel uncomfortable. Even if you can only handle a few minutes at first, it will be worth it. You will gradually be able to increase the time and hopefully even the rotations. Do a LITTLE every day so you don't end up in so much pain, you that you can't stretch the next day.

I believe you will be amazed at the benefits of stretching when done properly! I sure was! I can do more and I feel better after a good stretch in the morning. It also helps me relax at night.

Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Commonly Misdiagnosed Cause of Chronic Pelvic Pain

Myofascial pain syndrome is a commonly misdiagnosed and unconsidered cause of chronic pain. It occurs when a chronically tense muscle develops knots called trigger points that cause localized pain and may refer pain to other parts of the body by affecting surrounding nerves and muscles.

Myofascia is the connective tissue that surrounds muscles. When a muscle and its myofascia are injured, either by overuse or trauma, they become chronically tense. The tight muscle fibers can develop into trigger points along the muscle; these knots are essentially small patches of the muscle that are in constant, isolated spasm.

Since myofascial pain syndrome is a fairly new discovery in the medical field, many instances of the condition are misdiagnosed, leading to failed treatments. It is important to be aware of this condition and be sure your doctor is as well.

Pelvic Myofascial Pain Syndrome

The cause of mysterious chronic pelvic pain may be myofascial pain syndrome. The pain may be experienced locally in the anus, genitals and bladder. It may extend to the lower back, abdomen, buttocks and thighs, since 1) trigger points can affect nerves that travel to those regions and 2) the muscles of the pelvic floor work together with muscles of the lower back, abdomen and buttocks. As part of the core, these muscle affect one another. If trigger point pain has led the pelvic muscles to go unused, extra stress is placed on the other core muscles. This could cause strain and trigger points to spread throughout the region.

Trigger points in the pelvis can cause urological, gynecological and bowel problems, such as difficulty voiding, incontinence and pain during sex. Myofascial pain syndrome of the pelvis may be misdiagnosed as irritable bowel syndrome, endometriosis, prostatitis or other conditions involving pelvic organs. For women, the chronic pelvic pain associated with myofascial syndrome is not connected to their menstrual cycles.

The pelvic floor is a hammock of sorts consisting of muscles and other tissues that stretches between the pubic bone and the sacrum. This floor is responsible for controlling the bladder and bowels as well as stabilizing the pelvis. The muscles may develop knots due to trauma, past surgeries, joint problem, biomechanical problems such as walking pattern or improper exercise, or, for women, pregnancy. Psychological stress may also contribute to pelvic trigger points, as some people respond to stress by unconsciously tensing their pelvic muscles.

Myofascial pain syndrome may be considered after reproductive diseases, infection of the pelvic organs and prostate enlargement have been ruled out. There is no official way to test for myofascial trigger points in the pelvis, but a physical examination of the pelvic muscles is the most straightforward way to identify trigger points. These points hurt when they are touched.

Trigger point diagnosis and treatment often involves a form of massage that applies firm, steady pressure to the point until it relaxes. In the pelvic area, this type of technique may be uncomfortable for some. While some practitioners perform massage externally, others may direct patients on self-massage techniques that involve penetration. Your comfort level will determine whether these approaches are suitable for you. A demonstration of external pelvic trigger point massage can be viewed here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cWJwGvFDGLg.

There are also self-myofascial release (SMR) techniques that use a firm ball to relax the pelvic muscles. See http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YzU46_qN0-k for an idea of what pelvic SMR looks like.

A physical therapist may prescribe stretches to restore flexibility to the muscles of the pelvis. If stress and anxiety are to blame for myofascial syndrome, these factors must be addressed as part of treatment. If none of these treatments are effective, you may require trigger point injections.

If you have chronic pelvic pain that is not attributed to reproductive disease, infection or prostate complications, it is possible that you suffer from a musculoskeletal problem in the pelvic region. Be sure to share this possibility with your health care providers.

Understanding the Musculoskeletal Pain Syndrome - Myofascial Pain Syndrome

In order to understand the musculoskeletal pain syndrome, we must examine fibromyalgia, which we have already done. Now, we will examine the other half of this very complex pain syndrome, the myofascial pain syndrome or MPS. The myofascial pain syndrome describes and defines a condition characterized by chronic pain, often associated with neck pain and back pain, as well as sciatica. Myofascial pain syndrome is best known for pain caused by "trigger points" or TrPs. Trigger points are localized pain centers or points, at times expressed as painful knots or contractures found in any skeletal muscle, anywhere on the body. Researchers have visibly napped and identified these "knots" which may express pain as anything from referred pain to very specific and intense pain in other parts of the body. In other words, myofascial pain syndrome symptoms may vary from referred pain at various myofascial trigger point,s to specific and localized pain in other areas of the body.

As noted above, MPS is closely related to the complex musculoskeletal pain syndrome known as fibromyalgia. Whereas fibromyalgia pain is expressed generally and occurs above and below the waist, on the right and left sides of the body, MPS, with its associated pain syndrome, is often more localized and found in more circumscribed areas of the body. Myofascial pain is more frequently expressed around the neck and shoulders, and is usually found on only one side of the body.

In both myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) and fibromyalgia (FMS) there appears to be an alteration or a problem with the pain threshold, perceived versus actual pain. In other words, there appears to be a difference between pain reported and the actual amount of painful stimuli. MPS appears to be a problem of pain perception and expression. Some of the symptoms associated with myofascial pain syndrome include increased muscle soreness and tenderness, particularly in certain and very specific areas (muscles of the upper back, trapezius). Interestingly, as with fibromyalgia, MPS is found more frequently in women than men, the reason for this is unknown. In addition to chronic and more localized pain expression, the syndrome is also known to be associated with sleep disturbances and fatigue. The pain associated with this condition also appears to persist, and often worsen, over time. While pain appears to be specific and localized, it is also chronic and may express itself as headaches, neck, pelvic or hip, jaw, and even arm and leg pain. The leg pain may be mistaken for or diagnosed as sciatica. Which is a mistake or misdiagnosis, sciatica is a symptom, not a diagnosis!

The pain associated with MPS is generally expressed as an aching, deep, almost throbbing pain. Often, the pain in the lower back or hips is described as an aching or throbbing pain. As noted above, the pain often worsens and persists longer than expected, given the diagnosis and the underlying cause or suspected cause. The pain is also expressed as a stiffness in the muscles, and the joints adjacent to the affected muscle. The painful contracture or knot is often expressed as an area of stiffness or tension. The affected area feels very much like a tight spot or and knot and may be sensitive to the touch.

Factors that may be instrumental in bringing on myofascial pain syndrome may include muscle injury, continued stress, both psychological and physical stress to a localized muscle or muscle area, age (MPS is more likely to be diagnosed in middle age women but is also diagnosed in men), a sedentary lifestyle and/or inactivity may bring on pain at certain trigger points in the muscle, and finally, anxiety and stress. Individuals under a great deal of stress often express pain at various trigger points, perhaps due to muscle tension as a result of stress. Some researchers have suggested that the clenching or tightening of muscles associated with stress is a factor.

If pain persists or worsens, or seems to have no real reason for being there or appears to be localized, as with trigger points or knots, then a medical specialist should be consulted. Complications of myofascial pain syndrome may include muscle weakness, particularly due to inactivity as the pain sufferer is on able or unwilling to tax the painful muscle area. Additionally, as noted above, sleep may be a problem, as it is often difficult to get relief from the pain long enough to fall a sleep. Lack of sleep or sleep disturbances may be one of the reasons why chronic fatigue also seems to be related to this condition. Finally, it has been suggested that myofascial pain syndrome may evolve into fibromyalgia in some patients. While MPS is localized and unilateral in its pain expression, fibromyalgia is widespread and chronic, and it is thought myofascial pain syndrome may play a role in this condition.

Myofascial pain syndrome treatment generally includes some sort of trigger point injection and/or oral medications, as well as physical therapy, exercise, stretching, and massage. Once trigger points are identified, the medical practitioner may use an injection strategy called "needling" to localize pain at various trigger points. Stretching is generally done to ease the pain at the affected muscle trigger point by gently stretching the area. At times, medical practitioners employ a freezing lotion, spray or solution to numb the affected area or trigger point while treating it. Gentle massage also appears to be effective in some instances, although trigger point sensitivity is a problem. Finally, medications are often used, to include NSAIDs and depression medications, particularly tricyclic antidepressants. Depressants seem to help with chronic pain symptoms and with sleep disturbances, thus reducing stress.

Ultimately, taking care of your self, relieving or alleviating stress, combined with a strategy of exercise, relaxation, and a healthy diet has been shown to be effective. Taking care of one's self may go a long way towards effectively dealing with myofascial pain syndrome. Exercise, particularly a program that allows for gentle stretching and controlled movement, is effective. Walking has also been shown to alleviate tension, improve muscle tone, and reduce over all pain sensitivity in many patients. If the myofascial pain syndrome patient is tense, anxious, depressed, and/or stressed more pain may be experienced, particularly neck pain, back pain, hip pain, and sciatica or sciatica-like pain. Meditation, social interaction, either in person or online, writing, journaling, acupuncture, and, in some instances hypnosis, have all been demonstrated to alleviate stress and reduce pain levels. Finally, take care of yourself! Taking care of your body, eat the right kinds of foods, as in a healthy diet full of vegetables and fruit, combined with enough sleep, will help the MPS sufferer cope with the chronic pain, fatigue, and stiffness associated with myofascial pain syndrome.

Penile Pain - What Men Should Know About Pelvic Pain Syndrome

What is pelvic pain syndrome?

While it is well known that older men are likely to experience some degree of prostate enlargement, men as young as their late teens and early twenties may develop a prostate condition known as prostatitis. This disorder can cause severe discomfort which can significantly detract from a man's quality of life. While some cases may be resolved with antibiotics, others are more difficult to treat, resulting in ongoing pain in the pelvic region, lower abdomen, back and penis. In such cases, chronic prostatitis, or pelvic pain syndrome, may be diagnosed.

While avoiding this uncomfortable issue may not always be possible, understanding the condition and taking the right steps for easing pain and caring for the penis can help to reduce its severity and prevent it from diminishing a man's quality of life.

Common symptoms of pelvic pain syndrome

Men with prostatitis or pelvic pain syndrome often complain of the following:

• Painful urination;


• Difficulty starting or controlling a urine stream;


• Pain in the lower back or abdomen;


• Pain in the perineal area which can make sitting difficult;


• Pain on walking;


• Severe pain on jumping down from a height;


• Painful ejaculation;


• Penis pain, especially at the tip.

What causes pelvic pain syndrome?

Acute cases of prostatitis are generally caused by a bacterial infection; however, while pelvic pain syndrome may develop following acute prostatitis, the cause of the chronic pain is not well understood. Some researchers have proposed that stress, whether related to emotional issues or physiological problems, may cause the muscles in the area to tighten; when this becomes habitual, chronic pain may be the result; however, this is highly speculative and has not been proven through research.

Men who have chronic pelvic pain may develop anxiety and depression, especially when doctors are unable to determine the cause of their pain or provide an effective solution. Some men may develop erectile issues, and the fear of painful ejaculation can make sex into an ordeal, rather than a pleasure.

How to help reduce pelvic and penile pain related to pelvic pain syndrome

Because the cause of chronic prostatitis is not known, treatment for the condition is centered on relieving the symptoms and improving quality of life. To begin with, men may be put on a long-term regimen of antibiotics, lasting from six to twelve weeks. Over-the-counter pain relievers may help to ease the discomfort. Doctors may also recommend counseling for men to help them develop coping and pain management strategies. In addition, sitting in a warm bath or applying compresses may be effective, at least temporarily.

Certain lifestyle changes are also recommended for men with chronic pelvic pain. These may include exercise and weight loss, as well as the elimination of spicy foods from the diet. Consuming plenty of high-fiber foods and drinking water can help to prevent constipation, which may exacerbate the pain; stool softeners may also be helpful in this respect. Avoiding caffeine, nicotine and alcohol are also advised.

Practical tips for a healthy penis

Aside from easing the ache of pelvic pain syndrome, men with chronic pain can take steps to keep the penis as healthy as possible in order to avoid other complications. Eating right, maintaining an appropriate body weight and quitting smoking can help to reduce pressure and improve blood flow to the area, allowing for healthy oxygenation and nourishment of the penile tissue.

An all-natural penis health formula (most health professionals recommend Man 1 Man Oil) made with nutrient-rich ingredients can also help to supply the nerves, skin and blood vessels of the penis with vitamins, amino acids and antioxidants they need to ensure healthy function and fight off disease.

What Is Chronic Costochondritis?

Chronic costochondritis is often mistaken for Tietze's syndrome. It is important to know that the two conditions are not alike. Tietze's syndrome is different for there will be notable inflammation or swelling on the affected rib joint or costosternal joint. Although costocondritis is caused by an inflammation of the cartilage, the inflammation is not severe enough that it will result to an obvious and palpable swelling of the rib cage.

Ordinary or acute costochondritis can be caused by repeated microtrauma on the chest, injury to the sternum, and even as a complication a surgery performed at the sternum. Usually the condition can last for hours to days. However, prolonged chest wall pain can lead to chronic costochondritis. Chronic costochondritis is often believed to be due to fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia is a medical disorder where there is chronic spread of pain and heightened perception to pressure.

Chronic chostochondritis does not always have to be caused by Fibromyalgia. Once costochondritis affects you for a long period of time that span from months to years, it is thereby considered as chronic. The treatment can still be the same as with acute chostochondritis, such as NSAID's for pain relief. Some combine muscle relaxants with pain medications to help ease chest wall pain. If these do not work, then an injection of local anesthetic combined with cortisone is given by the doctor if the pain is so severe and debilitating. Severe measures can be chest wall surgery that involves removal of the cartilage that causes the pain.

Some patients often fear that they are suffering from a heart attack as costochondritis can mimic the symptoms of a heart attack. Symptoms often include pain when breathing deeply, coughing, lifting heavy objects, or doing something that you are not accustomed of doing. The nature of the pain is the same with both acute and chronic costochondritis. The pain can be dull, allowing you to do your work with discomfort. Other times, the pain can be so severe, you would have to sit down and rest to calm your breathing and ease the pain. You must go for a check-up, however, if you have a history of heart disease and you experience chest wall pain. Chest pain is considered an emergency and should be seen to the doctor right away to rule out the presence of a heart attack.

Chronic Back Pain

Chronic back pain has the well documented and deserved reputation as a disorder which resists accepted medical treatments, continues for years on end and often results in partial or total disability for the patient. Medical science has excelled in the diagnosis of a variety of presumed causative conditions and a countless number of treatment modalities. Unfortunately for patients with long term symptoms, medicine has some of its worst results dealing with chronic pain.

There is a growing problem in the way medical science views the causes of chronic back pain. For years, doctors have blamed countless back pain conditions on a variety of anatomical abnormalities. The most common of these conditions are herniated discs, degenerative disc disease, sciatica, spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, compressive neuropathy, osteoarthritis, facet joint syndrome, piriformis syndrome and sacroiliac joint dysfunction. The causes of these numerous conditions are varied, but the symptoms are often strikingly similar. Research has shown that these common spinal conditions are rarely the actual cause of pain in the majority of patients. Far too many people demonstrate physical evidence of these conditions, yet experience no pain or suffering whatsoever. Many of these conditions are nothing more than normal and universal components of the aging process which have been vilified by the profit driven back pain industry.

Traditional, complementary and alternative medical therapies have proven all but useless in curing chronic pain. Symptomatic treatment is the norm, while there are so few true cures that I can actually count them on the fingers of one hand. There are literally hundreds of therapy options which involve continuous long term dependency upon a practitioner, product or drug. Many of these treatments do not even make any sense for clinical picture of the condition they are designed to treat. Patients suffer with an endless cycle of elated hopes, disappointing results and continuous pain. They have no choice but to search for any measure of relief for their misery. For many patients, such as myself, this quest goes on for years and drains their resources of money, time and energy till all that is left is a despondent shell of a human being. I wonder what would happen to this highly successful medical juggernaut if the millions of patients suddenly all completely recovered.

Acute back pain due to an obvious injury or problematic degenerative change usually responds well to medical treatment. Patients complain of symptoms, a diagnosis is made, and appropriate treatment prescribed. If the actual causation of the pain is correctly identified during the diagnostic procedure, then treatment should be successful. Sometimes, it may take several rounds of treatment or a variety of therapy options to heal the condition and cure the pain. Many patients do not find this simple formula applies to their back pain experiences. What started off as an acute condition often escalates into a full blown chronic pain syndrome. Once this downward spiral occurs, the patient's chances of finding a permanent cure diminish at a startling rate.

Medical science actually often contributes to the development of long term pain through the common nocebo effect often transferred to patients during the diagnostic procedure. Nocebo is a Latin word which means "I shall harm". Being true to its namesake, the nocebo effect certainly does do harm, and plenty of it, to patients worldwide. Doctors often inadvertently frighten patients when describing the degenerative changes in their spines. Patients feel that they have been inextricably altered by these degenerative changes and view themselves as "damaged goods". It is no surprise that psychosomatic pain sets in and begins an epic battle for control of the patient's very life and functionality. This process could be easily avoided if physicians would only give patients a complete picture of their symptoms, rather than only half the facts. Remember, that most degenerative changes are universal and completely normal aspects of the aging process. This fact is rarely explained to patients even though it would create the correct mental state for a complete recovery.

Medicine will surely consider chronic pain a completely physical process for the conceivable future. Meanwhile, its treatment statistics for long term back pain continue to inspire contempt and anger in suffering patients. Luckily, the tide is slowly turning and more care providers are starting to understand the complex interaction between the body and the mind. After all, these two equal parts form the human being and are directly responsible for all states of health and disease. Coming to terms with the complex psycho-physical causation of most chronic pain syndromes is the first step in enacting a true cure. Once this step has been taken, the rest is relatively easy...

Daily Life With Fibromyalgia

Since November 2006, Marla Singleton* has hurt all over. She has tender places on her body where even a slight touch causes her to cringe in pain. She sleeps very little, tossing and turning most of the night. Her entire body is very stiff each morning, making movement difficult. Pain is her constant companion. She is always tired, and she feels overwhelmed and gloomy. Marla has fibromyalgia. At 42, Singleton is an office manager for her local branch of a big corporation. She feels like her daily life is a big roller coaster.

Fibromyalgia, also known as FM, is a chronic condition that is distinguished by widespread pain in the muscles, ligaments, and tendons. Parts of the body are tender. Sleep disturbances are common in people with fibromyalgia, resulting in fatigue from lack of restorative sleep.

According to the National Fibromyalgia Association, seven to ten million Americans suffer from fibromyalgia. Women are primarily the ones that are affected, though it does affect men and children. The cause of fibromyalgia is not known but it appears that there are triggering events that rush its onset such as physical injury, infection, or the onset of another disorder such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.

Life with fibromyalgia varies from day to day. "Some days I feel good, other days I have constant pain and lack the energy to function effectively" says Singleton. "My doctors are working with me to ease my pain and to help me to get my quality of life back. It is a long process, and the past year has been a nightmare. "

For another person with fibromyalgia, life is a little better. Shari Wilson* sees her fibromyalgia as a challenge. She bikes, swims, and challenges herself to do what she can to minimize her pain. "When I was diagnosed with fibromyalgia I was told to keep moving," notes Wilson. She works full-time as a paralegal, and the job keeps her going both physically and mentally. She also takes medications to help her manage her pain so that she can keep up with her current lifestyle.

For many years the symptoms of fibromyalgia were considered by doctors to be psychological. Pain was normally something that could be related to an injury. Since there was no visible injury, doctors didn't know what to think of the patient's complaints of pain and fatigue. With more cases of fibromyalgia being diagnosed, a greater number of doctors are learning about it and how to treat it.

Diagnosis is usually made by a rheumatologist even though any MD can make the diagnosis. A list of patient complaints in conjunction with a test that is referred to as the tender-point test is used to confirm fibromyalgia. There are eighteen tender points on the body that the doctor checks. Eleven of the eighteen points must be tender to validate diagnosis.

According to Wilson, fibromyalgia pain and fatigue is difficult to describe. "When people ask me what it feels like, I tell them that it feels like I have a never ending case of the flu," says Wilson. Singleton describes the pain and fatigue as feeling like her muscles are overworked or pulled. "The pain is a deep aching in my muscles, and I feel like I am in a fog most of the time" notes Singleton. Fortunately both women have family that supports them in their daily battle against the debilitating effects of fibromyalgia.

There is no cure for fibromyalgia, but there are many things that help to lessen the pain and make daily life much more pleasant. Exercise such as swimming, yoga, walking, and stretching are beneficial, and help reduce pain. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, acupuncture, biofeedback and medications are all used to treat and help with relieving the pain.

Support groups are everywhere, and provide support from others that know what it is like to have fibromyalgia. Hospitals and doctor's offices can often provide information on finding a support group. Singleton joined one in her area that meets once a month. "We compare notes, discuss the latest drugs and treatments, and how to address our pain with family, friends and how to answer questions from strangers. People that I don't know such as friends of my friends or acquaintances will slap me on the back or arm just being friendly, and I almost cry because it hurts so much. My skin is very tender and I don't know how to explain to them that even a light touch is painful. This group has been a lifesaver" says Singleton.

For more information about fibromyalgia, contact the National Fibromyalgia Association or the Fibromyalgia Network.

*last names changed at the request of interviewees

© Copyright 2007 Patti McMann. All rights reserved.

Fibromyalgia - The Pain Of Living

As time passes, eventually all pains will have their own names. Just like the term fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition associated with pain in the muscles and soft tissues surrounding the joints. There are only theories as to the causes of fibromyalgia. Some people believe that a continual disturbance in sleep may promote the development of fibromyalgia. Depression may also be a factor in fibromyalgia. Some people get fibromyalgia after they've experienced a trauma or accident and this is called, reactive fibromyalgia. Lack of exercise and the brain not producing enough growth hormones are also potential causes of fibromyalgia.

The effects of fibromyalgia can encompass the whole body. Most people will feel the pain in their muscles, back, neck and soft tissue. The severity of the pain can bring on fatigue and the combination of both could be debilitating. Other symptoms related to fibromyalgia include headaches, problems concentrating, irritable bowel syndrome and stiffness in the mornings. Symptoms have a tendency to come and go. For some people, the symptoms maybe worse during cold and damp weather, but not all people will have all the symptoms.

There is no single test that the doctors can give to diagnose fibromyalgia, but there are two major factors that are considered, when trying to diagnose fibromyalgia. One is the presence of widespread pain, which is defined as pain on both sides of the body, above and below the waist. And the other is tender points. There are 18 designated tender points on the body so if someone feels pain in at least 11 of the tender points, then there's an increased possibility that it could be fibromyalgia. However, before fibromyalgia can be concluded as the condition certain other ailments that produce symptoms similar to fibromyalgia, have to be ruled out. Ailments such as thyroid disease, lyme disease and chronic fatigue syndrome.

There is no cure for fibromyalgia. The best anyone can do is to try to treat and control the symptoms. Some of the things people can do for themselves are exercise regularly, eat healthily and reduce stress and find ways to improve sleeping habits. Some people can get temporary relief by applying heat to their painful areas. Of course, there are also drugs that can be used in treatment. Tricyclic antidepressants have shown to be effective in improving sleep problems. New drugs like gabapentin and meloxicam are appearing to be effective in dealing with the pain of fibromyalgia.

Fibromyalgia appears to be a mystery disease. Nobody knows what causes it, even though it's been around for some time. Unfortunately for females, the condition affects them more than males. Because so much is still unknown about fibromyalgia, there's no way to prevent it. Trying to live with fibromyalgia appears to be the only thing people can do. The difficulty in trying to live a normal life is that the pain can be so bad that some people aren't able to work and the condition can destroy a person's social life as well. Fibromyalgia appears to be another one of life's obstacles that people must overcome.

Excessive Fatigue May Be a Sign of Candida Syndrome - Candida Symptoms Explored

Excessive fatigue or fatigue that is unexplainable may be a sign of Candida Syndrome, a common condition that often goes undiagnosed in the United States. Candida Syndrome occurs with the balance of they yeast Candida Albicans is upset by an incorrect balance of bacteria in the body, causing the yeast organism to proliferate and take over healthy microorganisms. Normal amounts of Candida Albicans live in harmony with a variety of microorganisms in our bodies, but once this hardy organism proliferates it can cause a variety of problems including excessive fatigue.

Candida Symptoms

Candida often goes undiagnosed and Americans suffer with Candida Syndrome sometimes for years being told that the symptoms are all in their heads. Some common Candida Symptoms are:

Cravings for sweets Inability to think or concentrate Hyperactivity Mood swings Diarrhea Constipation Itching Vaginitis Anxiety Excessive fatigue Headaches Abdominal pain or gas Acne Muscle weakness Irritability Learning difficulties Thrush Athletes foot Earaches Low sex drive Persistent cough Sore throat Acid reflux Chronic pain

In addition to these Candida symptoms, Candida Syndrome may lead to almost any chronic illness you can think of. Alcoholism, anxiety disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, autism, chronic fatigue syndrome, asthma, clinical depression, lupus, migraines and more can all be linked back to Candida Syndrome.

Preventing or Reducing Candida Symptoms

Nutritionists recommend taking acidophilus on a daily basis to defend against yeast overgrowth, especially if you're on antibiotics because antibiotics kill the healthy bacteria present in your body which keeps Candida Albicans in check. Another trick to reducing your risk for Candida Syndrome is to eliminate sugars and refined foods in your diet. Some nutritionists even recommend eliminated fruits and high carbohydrate foods from your diet. Choose instead to eat healthy alternatives such as brown rice or potatoes, vegetables and yogurt, meat and eggs. Adding oxygen based products into your diet such as oregano, grapefruit seed extract and colloidal silver are also known to help reduce Candida symptoms. Supplements such as Protandim that help to remove free radicals that cause oxidative stress may also help reduce Candida symptoms because it increases dietary intake of antioxidants.

When Excessive Fatigue Isn't From Candida Syndrome

Although Candida Syndrome is a common cause of fatigue, it's certainly not the only cause. Excessive fatigue can be caused by a number of factors including, stress, anxiety, lack of exercise, poor diet, and oxidative stress caused by free radicals in your body. The most effective way to eliminate oxidative stress is to combat it with antioxidants. To counteract oxidative stress, the body already produces antioxidants to defend itself. It's the job of antioxidants to neutralize free radicals that can harm our cells. Poor diet, smoking and pollution can all reduce the amount of antioxidants your body can produce.

However, your body's internal production of antioxidants is not enough to neutralize all the free radicals and it is wise to increase your dietary intake of antioxidants. Antioxidants are found in many foods including blueberries, pomagranants, black and green teas, citrus fruits, carrots and tomatoes. Studies have shown that people who eat foods high in antioxidants are less likely to get cancer, heart disease and stroke. Plus, if you have enough antioxidants in your body to neutralize free radicals you'll suffer less from excessive fatigue, mood swings and anxiety.

Unfortunately, eating antioxidant foods doesn't always introduce enough antioxidants into our bodies to fully combat free radicals, and the number of Americans who claim that fatigue plagues them is increasing to alarming rates. There are also a variety of supplements that can be taken which decrease oxidative stress, such as Protandim, which triggers the creation of enzymes to eliminate over a million free radical molecules in your body per second. Protandim is more effective than foods like blueberries because it reduces anti-oxidative stress at a much faster rate than foods can.

Is Chronic Epstein Barr Virus the Same As Chronic Fatigue Syndrome?

Epstein Barr virus infection is usually short lived, lastly only a few weeks in most people. However in some people it can become chronic, lasting for weeks, months or even years.

Symptoms of chronic Epstein Barr virus can include ongoing fatigue, muscle pain, brain fog, dizziness, and in some people recurrent sore throats and swollen glands. When the relapsing fatigue lingers for more than 6 months, some doctors reclassify the condition as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome or CFS.

The true definition of CFS is "unexplained relapsing fatigue for six months or more which is accompanied by at least four of the following symptoms: recurrent sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, muscle aches or pains, headaches of a new pattern or intensity, unrefreshing sleep, poor concentration or short term memory and post-exercise tiredness that lasts more than a day".

Other conditions that can mimic the symptoms of CFS also need to be ruled out. These conditions include anemia, low blood pressure, low blood sugar, auto immune disease, hypothyroidism, chronic bacterial infections and gastrointestinal problems like Crohn's disease, colitis or celiac disease.

If your doctor has reclassified your chronic Epstein Barr virus as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, then you need to make sure your doctor is up to date with the latest information on this illness. Treatment for CFS is along the same lines as that for chronic Epstein Barr Virus. Focus should be on boosting immunity, repairing the adrenals, cleansing the liver, starting a gradual exercise program and managing stress. An understanding doctor who can offer emotional support is also essential. Understanding and love from family and friends can go a long way in helping you through chronic illness. If you do not have this type of help then you can access the many CFS and EBV forums available or even use the social networking sites like Facebook to connect with others with the same condition.

Can Alcohol Help Your Back Pain?

A lot of people report that they feel more relaxed or numb once the "buzz" of a few drinks hits their system. But does this mean that alcohol can help relieve back pain? Others report that they actually experience an increase in back pain when they enjoy an alcoholic beverage. What's really going on here?

To be honest, it really depends on what the cause of your back pain is. If the pain is due to a tense or contracted muscle that is putting pressure on the Sciatic nerve, for example, drinking alcohol may actually help.

For example, I used to suffer from Piriformis syndrome, which is a tense muscle in the pelvis that cause pain by crushing the Sciatic nerve. I found that an occasional drink would actually help to relax the muscles in my body and release the tension in my Pirifomris.

Now, this isn't an excuse to abuse alcohol. If you are suffering from pain caused by muscle tension, then you need to address this by naturally loosening the muscles and releasing the tension. The best way to do this is by stretching out the muscles and helping them to relax.

Relying on alcohol to treat back pain in this way is like using painkillers to treat back pain. You don't really deal with the underlying problem, you are just temporarily getting rid of the pain. Never use alcohol as a "solution" to your back pain problem.

However, some people also complain of back pain that occurs when they drink alcohol.

Alcohol can also cause inflammation in your body too, which in turn can promote back pain. In this way, alcohol can be a double edged sword. On one hand, it can help to relax muscles, but at the same time, it may promote inflammation.

The story doesn't end there though.

Now, I'm not a medical professional, so you should probably talk to your doctor about this. However, I do know that people can develop kidney stones which can cause pain like this.

Your kidneys are located in your lower torso and pain in your kidneys can easily be mistaken for a general pain in your back.

Alcohol acts as a diuretic, which means that it makes you have to urinate. When this happens, your kidneys produce more urine. But if there is an obstruction in your kidneys such as a kidney stone that might interfere with the production of urine, then you could experience pain.

If this is the cause of your pain, then other fluids such as coffee should also cause back pain to present itself.

There could be other causes to your pain as well. It can be difficult to diagnose the cause of back pain without knowing more about you and your lifestyle and overall health. It is important to seek the advice of your doctor to get a better understanding about what is behind the pain. Again, alcohol should not be used as a way to treat pain or to cope with any sort of health condition you may be suffering from.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

Irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic functional disorder of the intestines which causes abdominal pain, often accompanied by cramping, bloating, diarrhea and constipation. It is also referred to as spastic colon or mucous colitis. Irritable bowel syndrome is more commonly known by its abbreviated term - IBS.

There are three forms of IBS depending on the symptoms -- diarrhea-predominant (IBS-D), constipation-predominant (IBS-C) and IBS with alternating stool pattern (IBS-A). Clinical investigations are going on a new IBS subtype, post-infectious IBS (IBS-PI).

Symptoms of IBS

IBS symptoms include:

o Abdominal pain

o Discomfort associated with changes in bowel habits

o Fewer than three bowel movements a week

o More than three bowel movements a day

o Hard or lumpy stools

o Loose or watery stools

o Straining during a bowel movement

o Urgency (having to rush to have a bowel movement)

o Feeling of incomplete bowel movement

o Passing mucus (white material) during a bowel movement

o Abdominal fullness, bloating, or swelling

o Chronic pelvic pain

o Mental stress

o Fibromyalgia and various mental disorders

o Researchers believe that there are neurological and psychological disorders associated with IBS.

Causes of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

The exact causes of irritable bowel syndrome are unknown, but there are factors that may aggravate the trouble. Dietary factors and stress don't exactly cause IBS, but they can aggravate it. Various studies and researches have noted an IBS connection to diet. Physicians feel that the correct diet can provide IBS relief.

Common IBS diet advice includes:

o Eat soluble fiber foods and supplements.

o Substitute dairy products for soy or rice products.

o Be careful with fresh fruits and vegetables that are high in insoluble fiber.

o Eat small amounts in regular intervals to lessen the symptoms of IBS.

o Avoid eating red meat, oily or fatty (and fried) products.

o Avoid taking dairy products (especially when lactose intolerance is suspected).

o Avoid solid chocolate, coffee (regular and decaffeinated), alcohol, carbonated beverages and artificial sweeteners.

IBS Treatment

IBS treatment includes dietary advice and medication. Developing good dietary habits may be the best treatment for irritable bowel syndrome.

Medications can provide instant IBS relief. These may include stool softeners and laxatives in constipation-predominant, and antidiarrheal (loperamide) in diarrhea-predominant IBS. The low dosage of tricyclic and SSRI antidepressants has shown to be the most widely prescribed medications for helping to relieve symptoms of visceral sensitivity (pain) and diarrhea or constipation respectively. Other medications include:

o Alosetron: Alosetron is a selective 5-HT3 antagonist for IBS-D. It is only available for women in the United States under a restricted access program, due to severe risks of side effects if taken mistakenly by IBS-A or IBS-C sufferers.

o Cilansetron: Cilansetron is also a selective 5-HT3 antagonist that is undergoing further clinical studies in Europe for IBS-D sufferers.

o Tegaserod: Tegaserod is a selective 5-HT4 antagonist for IBS-C. It has shown to have an excellent safety profile for relieving IBS constipation and chronic idiopathic constipation.

Fibromyalgia Natural Remedies - How To Control The Pain Of Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia, sometimes called Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, can be an extremely painful malady that can also wreak havoc on your body's immune system, making you much more susceptible to diseases that could prevent you from living a full and healthy lifestyle. Fibromyalgia usually responds positively to natural remedies such as antioxidants and supplements that boost your natural defense system.

If you've been diagnosed with Fibromyalgia and want to explore natural remedies to control the pain, you should begin by finding out all you can about the disease. Online websites can help to educate you about Fibromyalgia natural remedies and point you in the direction of sites where you can purchase or read about the ones that are best for you.

You'll find that adopting a nutritional diet plan as well as a plan of detoxifying your body are absolute musts in controlling Fibromyalgia pain. These remedies will boost your body's defense system so that you can safely move ahead with exercises and other methods to control the pain and chronic fatigue that are classic symptoms of the disease.

You may have been suffering from Fibromyalgia for some time, causing your body to deteriorate along the way. People who suffer from Fibromyalgia usually begin a search for answers by complaining to their health care providers about various aches and pains, plus other side effects such as extreme fatigue. When test after test reveals nothing, doctors sometimes diagnose it as "psychosomatic."

A physician may then prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs to control pain, a sleeping pill, muscle relaxant and/or anti-depressants to provide some relief to the patient's symptoms. All these drugs and narcotics can only do further harm to your body - plus, you may become addicted to some of them. Patients suffering from Fibromyalgia often go misdiagnosed for years until a doctor who's educated about the disease can properly diagnose it and start the patient on a healthy lifestyle regimen.

Fibromyalgia natural remedies can make all the difference to a patient suffering with the disease. Detoxification, supplements, proper diet and exercise can help relieve total body pain, mental confusion, frequent fevers, swollen glands and infections that just don't seem to improve.

One thing is certain about Fibromyalgia - there is no quick fix or a simple pill that you can take to rid your body of this painful problem. And, you must be proactive in the treatment if it's going to succeed. In other words, you must make a commitment to a healthy lifestyle, including diet, exercise and nutritional supplements. It may take months for your body to respond to Fibromyalgia natural remedies, but it's your best chance to control the pain and live life your way.

Fibromyalgia is a serious disease that can become debilitating. Research and explore what natural remedies can mean to you or someone you know who suffers from this disease.

Fibromyalgia - New Treatments

Fibromyalgia (FM or FMS) is a condition that causes chronic musculoskeletal pain. Besides widespread pain it is characterized by tender points, painful areas located in certain parts of the body. There are often other symptoms as well, such as fatigue, headaches, cognitive problems, sleep disturbances, anxiety and depression.

People with fibromyalgia frequently have other comorbid illnesses, such as chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME), migraines, restless legs syndrome (RLS) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Fibromyalgia commonly occurs together with autoimmune diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis and lupus (SLE), but it is not thought to be an autoimmune illness. The exact mechanism that causes the illness is not fully understood yet.

Lyrica And Cymbalta

The FDA has approved two medications for fibromyalgia: pregabalin (Lyrica) in June 2007 and duloxetine (Cymbalta) in June 2008. Pregabalin is an anticonvulsant (epilepsy drug), though it is used more often for pain disorders. Duloxetine is an SNRI antidepressant (serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor), also used for diabetic neuropathy and stress incontinence.

Despite being in entirely different classes of drug, both Lyrica and Cymbalta can help pain, sleeping problems, fatigue, cognitive impairment, depression and anxiety caused by fibromyalgia, though they don't help everyone and even if you do benefit, you might not get improvement in all of the listed symptoms.

Other Similar Drugs

The drug companies behind these drugs would of course like us to believe they are the magic bullets, but luckily there are many other medications that can help fibromyalgia. The manufacturers of most other drugs just haven't invested in the expensive trials needed to gain FDA approval -- often because the patent is going to expire soon and after that their benefits will drastically drop.

For example, gabapentin (Neurontin) is an anticonvulsant very similar to Lyrica, which used to be widely prescribed for fibromyalgia, but now Lyrica has surpassed it. The drugs have almost identical modes of action. There is no clear evidence showing that either one is more effective. Some people can tolerate pregabalin but not gabapentin, and vice versa. Neurontin comes with a bit cheaper price tag.

Duloxetine is not the only SNRI antidepressant either. Venlafaxine (Effexor) is also an SNRI, though in low doses it does not have that much effect on norepinephrine. Milnacipran (Ixel) is a promising SNRI antidepressant which is not yet available in the United States, but is sold in most of Europe. It has shown good results in preliminary fibromyalgia trials. It is also very inexpensive and thought to be one of the best tolerated antidepressants.

Anticonvulsants And Antidepressants

Generally almost all anticonvulsants, including older names like carbamazepine and lamotrigine and newer players like topiramate, zonisamide and levetiracetam can help the symptoms of fibromyalgia. There are big differences in modes of action among drugs in this class, so even if one does not work or produces intolerable side effects, another one might be worth a try. They tend to be especially helpful for pain, mood problems and migraine prevention, often also for sleep.

The same goes for antidepressants, too. The reason they are used in fibromyalgia is not that fibromyalgia is a psychiatric disorder, but they are also used in many other painful conditions like migraines, chronic headaches, neuropathic pain and IBS. It is thought that fibromyalgia may be associated with a deficit of serotonine and norepinephrine.

The SSRI antidepressants like fluoxetine (Prozac) are generally not so effective for pain. Many other antidepressants, however, also affect norepinephrine. These include tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline (Elavil) and imipramine which have been used to treat fibromyalgia since the 1980s. They are used in very small doses, usually much smaller ones than would be used for depression. They are especially effective for sleep, but often cause too many side effects.

NMDA Antagonists

A third promising class of drugs is NMDA receptor antagonists. The NMDA receptor is thought to be overactive in fibromyalgia and downregulating it could relieve all symptoms of the condition. NMDA antagonists include the cough suppressant dextromethorphan, amantadine which is used for influenza and Parkinson's disease, the Alzheimer's drug memantine and riluzole, a new drug used for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Other drugs that also downregulate the NMDA receptor include e.g. calcium channel blockers, many anticonvulsants, some opioids (methadone and dextropropoxyphene) and the muscle relaxants dantrolene and orphenadrine. Magnesium and the amino acid taurine may also have this effect.

Hormonal Treatments

Fibromyalgia has also been associated with endocrinological (hormonal) deficiencies, especially of growth hormone, thyroid hormone and vitamin D, which is nowadays considered a steroid hormone. Others, such as estrogen, testosterone and cortisol have also been suggested as culprits.

Growth hormone has been shown to be deficient in a subset of people with fibromyalgia and supplementation helps many people. Unfortunately the treatment has to be given as an injection and is very expensive. Luckily some oral drugs can also boost growth hormone secretion, such as the anti-anxiety drug buspirone, the blood pressure drug clonidine and the muscle relaxant baclofen. Melatonin may also have this effect.

Some doctors believe that thyroid supplementation can even completely relieve fibromyalgia symptoms in some cases where laboratory results are supposedly normal. On the other hand many patients have reported excellent results, even complete pain relief with large doses of vitamin D.

Promising Drug Candidates

Many drugs are currently in clinical trials for fibromyalgia. Sodium oxybate (Xyrem) is a sleep aid which can also help depression and pain. It is currently approved for narcolepsy, but is used off-label for severe insomnia. Several trials have demonstrated good efficacy in fibromyalgia, but insurance companies are likely to frown at the price.

Flupirtine (Katadolon) is used in many European countries for e.g. low back pain. It has some NMDA blocking properties and has shown good efficacy in preliminary trials. If clinical trials are successful, the company is planning to market it for fibromyalgia with the brand name Effirma.

Lacosamide (Vimpat) is an anticonvulsant with a novel mode of action. It is not yet on the market, but may be approved in the United States and Europe before the end of 2008. A recent phase IIa trial concluded it was effective and well-tolerated in fibromyalgia.

Low dose naltrexone (LDN) is a treatment that increases the secretion of endorphins, our natural painkillers. Fibromyalgia may be associated with an endorphin deficiency, which could also contribute to fatigue, depression and other symptoms. A clinical trial trying LDN for fibromyalgia is currently running in United States.

Relief From Fibromyalgia Severe Pain Symptoms

If you are living with fibromyalgia severe pain symptoms than chances are you are desperate for some relief.

What is Fibromyalgia?

The definition of this condition is chronic widespread pain that is heightened by an increased response to gentle stimuli in certain areas of the body.

Naturally, this is just a basic explanation but there is much more to the condition that this simple explanation.

Symptoms

In addition to suffering from severe pain you may wonder what other symptoms you should be looking for.

There are a number of other common symptoms including:

Extreme fatigue,

Sleep pattern disturbances,

Irritable bowel syndrome,

Bladder irregularities,

Breathing difficulties,

Breathing swallowing,

Headaches,

Facial pain,

TMJ,

Teeth grinding,

Numbness,

Tingling sensations,

Chest pain,

Painful periods (menstrual cycles),

Dry eyes,

Dry skin,

Dry mouth and,

Dizziness.

There are also some common emotional and mental symptoms. Some of these occur as a direct result of you dealing with severe pain and others are directly linked to the condition itself.

The most common of these symptoms would include depression. However, it would not be uncommon for you to experience anxiety, stress, confusion, difficulty concentrating and mood swings.

Causes

Unfortunately, experts have not discovered a concrete explanation for what the causes of fibromyalgia are. One widely accepted theory is that it is caused by a lower tolerance for pain caused by an increase of certain chemicals within the brain and this causes the brain's pain signals to overreact. That said, there are a number of factors that can contribute to a person developing fibromyalgia severe pain symptoms.

Diagnosis

Unfortunately, diagnosis is not an easy task. This can largely be attributed to the fact that the criteria used in diagnosis is the source of much debate.

Another thing, if your doctor orders diagnostic testing it isn't uncommon for new abnormalities to be revealed. Even if abnormalities are present on your diagnostic testing, they often mimic other pain condition such as osteoporosis and arthritis.

If you are experiencing severe pain symptoms then you need to seek the advice of a pain specialist who is trained in diagnosing this condition. This will ensure that you are diagnosed sooner rather than later. When it comes to treating the symptoms of fibromyalgia the sooner you start the treatment the better.

Symptoms that are more intense and rooted may take longer to respond favorably to prescribed medications and therapies.

Leaky Gut Syndrome And Constipation - The Good, The Bad, And The Ugly

Constipation means different things to different people. It might mean having irregular bowel movements for some and also mean difficulty passing stools, hard stools or bloating after a bowel movement. Dealing with constipation can be a miserable experience, but imagine having to deal with it over a long period of time. Those who have leaky gut have to not only deal with chronic constipation, but also cramps, nausea and a feeling of being bloated.

To relieve their symptoms, many resort to taking anti-depressants, pain medication, acupuncture and most notably laxatives. Those who resort to these methods experience no improvement whatsoever in their health. Some even notice that their symptoms seem to be getting worse.

For one, taking pain medication such as antibiotics is actually killing off the good, beneficial bacteria in your gut, while allowing the harmful ones such as yeast and fungi to flourish in its place.

Most people use laxatives to relieve constipation. A scary number rely on it as their primary source of relief. Did you know that the more you use laxatives, the more your colon comes to depend on them? You are unknowingly making your colon walls weak by conditioning it to rely on laxatives.

Let us take a look at some 3 common laxatives and why you should stay away from them:

• (Stimulant Laxatives) Dulcolax, Ex-Lax, Similar Alternatives: These laxatives work by stimulating the nerves in your colon, therefore forcing them to move. Unfortunately, they contain harsh chemicals and toxins that create inflammation and further damage and irritate your intestinal lining and bowels. A major drawback of this is that they weaken your bowel and rectal muscles. You become so dependent on them that you can no longer move your bowels without using them.



• (Stool Softerners) Colace and Similar Alternatives: These work by forcing fats and water into your stool, making it softer and easier to pass. They also contain harsh chemicals and toxins that create inflammation and further damage and irritate your intestinal bowels and linings. Like Stimulant laxatives, these too create dependence in order to move your bowels.



• (Osmotic Laxatives) Epsom Salt, Milk Of Magnesia and Similar Alternatives: Just like stool softeners, these work by forcing water into your stool to make it softer and easier to pass. The downside is that it forces way more water than usual into your stool, which can lead to dehydration and throw off your electrolyte balance. Just like stimulant and stool softeners, you can also become dependent on them.

Rather than use harmful laxatives, try stool bulking agents instead. These gentler form of laxatives don't contain harsh chemicals and toxins and most importantly, they don't create dependence.

Food Intolerances, Probiotics, Leaky Gut Syndrome And Constipation- How They Are All Linked Together.

Recent study shows that food intolerances are a common cause of chronic constipation. Becoming intolerant to food is when you eat a particular food that creates an autoimmune reaction within your intestines. The reaction creates inflammation, which then prevents you from being able to properly digest your food. If you continue to eat those particular foods, undigested particles leak into your bloodstream and your body immediately scrambles to get rid of the intrusion. This leads to an overactive immune system, which then leads to autoimmune diseases.

Food intolerances also lead to constipation, so in order to get rid of constipation and inflammation, therefore healing leaky gut, you have to identify the foods you are intolerant to and stop eating it. These foods can vary depending on the person but common intolerant foods are wheat, pasteurized dairy products, soy, sugar, white table salt, and artificial sweeteners.

Let us go back to pain medication and how people use it to relieve constipation. Remember how I stated that pain medication kill off your beneficial bacteria? Well, since your good bacteria is gone, you are going to need to replenish it and this is where probiotics shine. Probiotics are microorganisms that are similar to the good bacteria found in your gut. This is probably the only supplement that I would suggest using because it balances your intestine tract, diminishes allergic reactivity and prevents reproduction of bad bacteria (yeast, fungi, toxins, etc).

What's equally great is that there is evidence that shows a probiotic drink containing beneficial bacteria called Lactobacillus casei Shirota, or a placebo has been proven to improve the severity of constipation and stool consistency.

Some important Tips To Help Overcome Constipation:

• Drink lots and lots of water. This cannot be stressed enough. This is especially important for those who drink sugary and caffeinated drinks daily. Dehydration is another cause of constipation, so make sure you drink adequate amounts of water daily to keep your body replenished.



• Eliminate your food intolerances like grain and dairy products. One cause of constipation is horrible diet choices, so make sure to replace your food intolerances with a balanced diet containing meat, fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds.



• Make probiotics an important part of your diet. Be sure to include it in your daily regimen.

Chronic Pelvic Pain Could Be an Ovarian Cyst

Chronic pelvic pain can have several causes. An ovarian cyst is just one of them. A Doctor can tell you for sure by means of a routine pelvic exam, but further test may be called for.

Using Ultrasound will tell the Dr. if it is a cyst for sure, its size, shape and location, and if it is fluid filled or not.

If your Dr. determines that it truly is a cyst and not a pregnancy, he quite likely will check your hormone levels to rule out any problems there.

He may do a blood test to test for cancer, especially if you are older than 35, are at high risk for ovarian cancer or if the ultrasound showed a partly solid cyst.

I hear you saying "that's all fine and good, but I still have chronic pelvic pain which I want to be free of!"

Ok, we can do that.

Let's presume it is a cyst. If there are no other complications your Dr. will very likely suggest watching and waiting for 1 to 3 months to see if any changes occur. They will. Your cysts will either disappear or grow. And if they disappear, they will come back. I'm sure you are not thrilled at the waiting prospect.

GOOD NEWS! You don't have to wait!

Immediate relief, though minor, is as follows: apply a heating pad to your painful lower abdomen and get off your feet so there is less pressure on the abdominal area. It should offer help in about 15 minutes.

If you take a pain relief pill, it should help as well. But, this is just band-aid type help. You may know that most cysts will, in time disappear by themselves. But, they almost always come back. What you want is permanent relief, and it is available.

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Types, Causes and Symptoms

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, also known as TOS, is a compression of the brachial plexus and subclavian artery and vein. The brachial plexus supplies the upper limb with both sensory and motor nerve fibres, and the subclavian artery supplies the blood supply. There are four areas where the plexus and artery may be compressed and in each instance, the symptoms will present differently.

The part of the brachial plexus most likely to be affected is the medial cord, which originates from nerve roots C8 to T1.

Symptoms of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome:

Due to involvement of the medial cord of the brachial plexus, the ulnar nerve is most impacted by this compression syndrome. Muscles affected will be the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, the ulnar aspect of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus, as well as most intrinsic (small) muscles of the hand. As a result, there will be some weakness or altered sensation on the ulnar aspect of the forearm, the hand and little finger. Signs and symptoms will vary, however, depending on the location of the compression and the structure involved.

Compression of a nerve will result in pain, loss of sensation and in chronic cases, muscle wasting or weakness. (this is known as denervation atrophy) Compression of blood vessels (subclavian or axillary arteries, depending on site of compression), will result in pain, paleness of the skin supplied by the artery, possible cyanosis (blue coloring) and decreased skin temperature. Prolonged decrease of blood supply can result in trophic skin changes, emboli (blood clots) and gangrene. Compression of a vein will result in edema, and the blood is unable to be carried back to the heart and lungs.

There are 4 main areas where compression may occur:

1) The anterior and middle scalene, a.k.a. the interscalene triangle. The brachial plexus and subclavian artery pass through here, but it is the medial cord of the plexus, arising from the C8-T1 nerve roots, which is most likely to be affected. (*note: the scalenes are classified as secondary muscles of respiration because they attach to the ribs and contract during respiration)

2) Pectoralis minor - compression will occur between the pectoralis minor and its insertion on the coracoid process of the scapula. A person who presents with hyperkyphosis (rounded, slumped shoulders) may be more inclined to have compression here, especially when the muscle is stretched (for example, when they straighten up). The pectoralis minor, by attaching on ribs 1-8, may be affected by any respiratory disorder, leading to hypertonicity of the muscle and subsequent compression of the subclavian artery as it becomes the axillary artery when it passes deep to the clavicle.

3) Costoclavicular - compression occurs between the 1st rib and the clavicle. This is most likely to be a result of injury to the clavicle, such as a break or dislocation, and is prone to affect the vasculature (as the axillary vein becomes the subclavian vein)

4) Presence of a cervical rib - the presence of an extra rib is determined by an x-ray, and it interferes with the size of the interscalene triangle, therefore allowing less room for the plexus and vasculature.

The borders of the thoracic outlet are:

posteriorly (the back) the body of vertebrae T1 laterally the 1st rib bilaterally

anteriorly - manubrium of the sternum

Structures passing through the Thoracic Outlet

The brachial plexus, subclavian arteries and veins.The muscles involved in this syndrome are the anterior and middle scalenes, pectoralis minor and the subclavius.

Who is at risk for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome usually affects people whose posture tends to be very forward and slumping. Think of a person who sits at a desk all day, or who does a lot of work moving forward (or a massage therapist!). Others at risk may also have "military posture", extreme retraction of the shoulders which pulls the pectorialis minor tight over the plexus and artery, thus compressing it. Also at risk are people who have had a broken or dislocated clavicle, especially those with a more complicated or compounded break. Due to the attachment of the scalenes and pectoralis minor on the ribs, people who have a respiratory disorder and difficulty breathing often recruit these muscles, thus increasing the incidence of hypertonicity, and the presence of myofascial trigger points.

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome or Raynaud's Disease?

The therapist, during the course of performing orthopedic tests for TOS, will look for a positive test of a decreased or absent pulse, as well as numbness and tingling or fatigue in the ulnar distribution of the forearm and hand. Raynaud's Disease presents similarly, but is a peripheral vascular disorder which occurs due to vasospasm and results in decreased circulation. For Raynaud's disease to be diagnosed, it must be followed closely by a physician for 2 years and manifest as decreased circulation and increased sensitivity of the arms and hands.

How can massage therapy be used to treat Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?

Massage therapy can provide valuable assistance to someone suffering from TOS, either as a stand-alone treatment, or in conjunction with other modalities (i.e. physiotherapy or chiropractic).

Wherever the location of compression, the therapist will attempt to decrease hypertonicity and myofascial trigger points of the involved muscles as well as stretching. Manual lymph drainage can assist in the reduction of fluid build up post treatment. It will also be necessary to retrain the client concerning proper posture.After the treatment plan concludes, it would be wise to encourage the client to continue stretching, and also to schedule maintenance appointments to prevent a relapse.

McKenzie Method For Chronic Low Back Pain

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) remains a challenging condition to manage, one that carries a significant socioeconomic burden. There are a plethora of non-surgical treatments for CLBP, which can overwhelm stakeholders such as patients, third party payers, health care providers, researchers, and policy makers. Although all involved should strive for the most effective treatment that utilizes minimal health care resources, there is often clinical uncertainty as to which treatment is most appropriate for the individual patient.

In order to better understand the state of existing literature on non-surgical treatments for CLBP, the North American Spine Society sponsored a special focus issue of The Spine Journal. This review of the McKenzie method was one of the papers featured in this issue. An executive summary of background information and pertinent findings will be presented in this review.

Terminology/History of the McKenzie Method:

• in 1958, the basis for the technique was discovered accidentally, when a patient with leg symptoms inadvertently lay prone in an extended position for about 10 minutes, after which he reported to McKenzie that his leg had not felt as good for weeks

• studies on the McKenzie method began in 1990, including many studies that have been done on the concept of centralization

• the McKenzie method includes both an assessment and an intervention component (NOTE: commonly in general practice and research, the term "McKenzie" is incorrectly applied when referring only to the application of extension exercises)

• the assessment component aims to classify the patient into one of three syndromes, and is commonly referred to as Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy (MDT)

• the main objective of the assessment is to achieve a pattern of pain response called "centralization"

• Centralization: refers to the sequential and lasting abolition of distal referred symptoms, and subsequent reduction/elimination of spinal pain in response to a single direction of repeated movements or sustained postures

• Directional Preference: refers to a particular direction of lumbosacral motion or sustained posture that cause symptoms to centralize, decrease, or even disappear while the individual's spinal motion simultaneously returns to normal

General Description:

The overall objective of the McKenzie method is patient self-management, which includes three important phases:

1. Educating and demonstrating to patients the benefits of positions and end range movements on their symptoms, and the aggravating effects of the opposite positions.

2. Educating patients in methods to maintain the reduction and elimination of their symptoms.

3. Educating patients how to regain full function of the lumbar spine without symptom recurrence.

Additional Points:

• McKenzie noted that the value of a single direction of movement is frequently not apparent unless repeated a number of times to end range (it should be noted that often the initial attempts in a particular direction may increase symptoms)

• provided that each direction of lumbar motion is tested repeatedly and to end-range, a directional preference can normally be identified

• a regular McKenzie assessment includes a full medical history and physical examination, including assessment of response to repeated lumbar movements

Utilizing this information, patients can be classified into one of three mechanical syndromes proposed by McKenzie:

1. Derangement Syndrome: has the distinctive pain response of centralization with a directional preference.

2. Dysfunction Syndrome: found only in patients with chronic symptoms, characterized by intermittent pain produced only at end range in a single direction restricted movement. Unlike derangement, there is no rapid change in symptoms or ROM as a result of performing repeated motions.

3. Postural Syndrome: typically not seen in chronic LBP, is intermittent in nature, located in the midline and is provoked by sustained slouch sitting. Symptoms are typically abolished by correction of sitting posture (normally restoration of lumbar lordosis).

Management According to McKenzie Syndrome Classification:

• Derangement Syndrome: aim is to rapidly centralize and eliminate all symptoms while restoring normal lumbar motion

• Dysfunction Syndrome: treatment is intentionally aimed at reproducing the symptoms at end range so that the short, painful structure can be adequately lengthened in order to heal and become pain-free over time

• Postural Syndrome: education is aimed at improving posture, which will remove undue physical stress from involved tissue and improve symptoms

• it is important to note that each patient requires individualized exercises, and no generic prescription of exercises will suffice

• for a minority of patients, generally those with chronic LBP, the end range force they can generate will be insufficient to eliminate pain - in these instances, clinicians can provide manual assistance/pressure to the movements, and even progress to spinal manipulation/mobilization in the patient's directional preference

Evidence Surrounding the McKenzie Method and Centralization:

• at least six studies have demonstrated that centralization is a positive prognostic factor for LBP (i.e. those who "centralize" with a particular movement or direction have better outcomes)

• in fact, a recent systematic review1 on centralization concluded that, when elicited, centralization predicts a high probability of positive treatment outcome when treatment is guided by assessment findings

• two studies have demonstrated that centralization is a more important prognostic indicator than fear-avoidance and work-related issues

• further, failure to change pain location on assessment (non-centralization) has been shown to be a poor prognostic indicator and a predictor of poor behavioral response to spinal pain

• although seemingly evident, in the literature there is some indication that those patients with mechanical LBP that is affected by posture will respond favorably to directional exercises

• in many published clinical guidelines, the interventional component of the McKenzie method has been mentioned, while the assessment component has been overlooked

• two systematic reviews2,3 on the McKenzie method have been conducted - both concluding that there was limited evidence relating to chronic LBP, but also suggesting that small benefits were noted versus a variety of comparison treatments

• a third systematic review4 on physical therapy-directed exercise interventions after classification by symptom response methods (included mixed duration LBP patients), concluded that exercise implemented based on patient response was significantly better than control or comparison interventions (4/5 studies investigated McKenzie method, all scored 6+ on PEDro scale indicating high quality)

• studies investigating the reliability of the McKenzie assessment have produced mixed results - further studies are required

• there are numerous ongoing studies on the McKenzie method, including subgroup determination in CLBP, clinical prediction rules, comparative prognostic value studies, anatomical studies, and treatment RCTs

Conclusions & Practical Application:

The McKenzie method certainly has a role to play in the overall assessment and management of low back pain. It has the potential to reliably classify patients into groups based on directional preference, which have distinctly different treatment and self-management needs. It is relatively simple, and straightforward in its approach. Considering the recent emphasis in the literature on sub-grouping LBP patients in the context of a Clinical Prediction Rule (which does include a category for directional exercise), research attention paid to the McKenzie method, MDT, and the centralization phenomenon should continue to rise. Such classification approaches can help guide clinical decision making, and improve treatment outcomes for LBP patients.

How to Help Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - CFS - With Self Hypnosis

Getting help with CFS, otherwise known as CFIDS and chronic fatigue syndrome is of the utmost importance. This condition is enigmatic but you can find support through self-hypnosis. This approach can guide you to overcome the condition.

Chronic fatigue syndrome involves fatigue that goes beyond tiredness. You may need help with CFS because the symptoms are debilitating. The condition leads to severe fatigue that does not go away no matter how much rest you get. Mental activity and physical exertion can make the condition worse.

Ramifications

CFIDS has a profound impact on your daily life. You are unable to function normally because you are so terribly tired. You can't concentrate or engage in physical activity for a significant amount of time. The condition affects your personal relationships and you career.

This condition can lead to overwhelming feelings of hopelessness and loss. The symptoms seem to come out of nowhere and there does not seem to be any explanation for the condition. Some people who are close to you may not understand your dilemma.

Discovering CFIDS

You may have times in your life in which you experience significant fatigue for an extended period. This does not necessarily mean that you need help with CFS. If extreme tiredness has plagued you for at least six months, it is time to seek support and guidance. There are other symptoms to consider as well.

Symptoms include an inability to focus. You have impaired concentration and memory. You feel extremely tired after engaging in mental activities and cognitive tasks. Headaches are also prominent as a symptom of chronic fatigue syndrome.

The mind is affected and so is the body. You feel pain in your joints without swelling or redness. Your muscles ache and your lymph nodes are tender. You may also have an ongoing sore throat. You are exhausted after physical exercise.

Self-Hypnosis as Help with CFS

You can get the support and guidance you need through self-hypnosis. This approach assists you as you deal with the flu-like symptoms and exhaustion. This approach helps you enter an altered state that is conducive to healing. After seeking a treatment approach from your physician, you can see excellent results through hypnosis.

Self-hypnosis provides help with CFS by helping you enter the alpha state. This naturally calm and relaxed state connects you to your subconscious mind. There, you work through the symptoms and psychological ramifications with the help of your subconscious.

The subconscious mind works differently than your conscious mind. This realm deals with emotions, sensations and automatic responses while you conscious deals with conceptual thought.

As you guide yourself to replace negative feelings, sensations and thoughts with positive ones, your body responds appropriately. Self-hypnosis is effective help with CFS that can yield excellent results.

Piriformis Pain - What Are the Causes, Symptoms and Available Treatments?

Piriformis pain is the pain due to Piriformis Syndrome which is apparent in around 10 to 15% of hip and lower back pain patients. Unlike nerve impingement issues like sciatica, stenosed spinal foramen and canal, and spinal abnormalities like scoliosis, lordosis, and kyphosis, Piriformis Syndrome is a neuromuscular disorder.

The Development. Generally, the sciatic nerve should pass underneath the piriformis muscle though for some lower back pain patients, it goes directly through the muscle which brings about pain when the muscle contracts and suffocates the nerve.

The issue can be further irritated when sitting for extended periods of time since the gluteal muscles remain inactive. Flexion of the hips leads to overactivity in the psoas major, iliacus and rectus femoris muscles at the cost of the gluteals, like the gluteus minimus and the obturator internus. As a result of this, the hamstrings, adductor magnus, and the piriformis, which are the synergist muscles of the gluteals, will have to perform a lot harder which they shouldn't. This disease mechanism induces the piriformis to hypertrophy resulting in pain.

The Symptoms. Known by extreme pain in the gluteal, piriformis pain may expand down to the leg. Certain exercises like running, walking, bicycling, and rowing may lead to pain. If pain is eased by walking with the foot of the impacted side directed outward and if pain is experienced when sitting in an awkward placement, Piriformis Syndrome should be assumed.

The Diagnosis. Piriformis pain is identified clinically by stretching the irritated piriformis muscle and causing sciatic nerve compression through physical exam procedures like the Race and Freiberg maneuvers. Imaging procedures are only utilized to exclude other disorders, such as herniated discs, spinal stenosis, facet arthropathy, and lumbar muscle strain. The MRN or the Magnetic Resonance Neurography is the only imaging technique that can discover Piriformis Syndrome. The presence of the inflammed sciatic nerve where it passes through the muscle can be visualized.

The Treatment. There are obviously, numerous traditional treatments that are shown useful in relieving piriformis pain. These treatments are:

• NSAIDs and/or muscle relaxants


• Stretches and other gentle workout routines


• Therapeutic massage


• Cold compresses at the onset of pain followed afterwards by hot compresses


• Osteopathic and chiropractic manipulation

Shots of anti-inflammatory drugs and/or steroids, local anesthetics (such as lidocaine), botulinum toxin (BOTOX), or a combination of the three may be provided if traditional treatments are unsuccessful. Although surgery is rarely suggested, the latest procedures of minimally-invasive surgery have been proven successful in freeing the entrapped sciatic nerve from the piriformis muscle. All of these procedures help in relieving piriformis pain.

A Look at Pain Relief for Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic disease that affects the musculoskeletal system. Symptoms vary widely among sufferers, but generally include muscle and joint aches, chronic fatigue, irritable bowel syndrome, headaches and tenderness in several of eighteen specific areas, or "trigger points" on the body. Fibromyalgia is often overlooked by sufferers as the inevitable result of a busy schedule and everyday stress. When patients do seek treatment, doctors often misdiagnose fibromyalgia as rheumatoid arthritis, chronic fatigue syndrome, or another musculoskeletal condition. It affects women far more often than men, at a ratio of about ten to one. While some cases result from a specific trauma, more often the exact cause is unknown.

The first step to fibromyalgia pain relief is being properly diagnosed. The condition is not completely understood by the medical community, and there is no specific course of treatment. Most advice given to patients reads like a weight-loss program, recommending low-intensity exercise, drinking lots of water, and reducing mental and physical stresses such as those caused by saturated fats, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, meat and sugar.

Anti-depressants are often prescribed as part of the treatment, which elevate the mood of the patient. Muscle relaxants and sleep aids may also be recommended. Since fibromyalgia sufferers are often found to be low in manganese and magnesium, both of which help balance thyroid function, nutritional supplements may prove beneficial as well.

Physical therapy is another essential component for fibromyalgia pain relief, as it teaches patients methods of walking, stretching, and exercise that reduce muscle tension and fatigue. A physical therapist will also teach patients how to make use of ergonomic tools in their daily life, like padded chairs and special keyboards designed to minimize muscle strain.

Some patients choose to incorporate alternative treatments such as acupuncture, chiropractic, and massage therapy into their treatment. While the efficacy of these natural treatments has not been carefully studied and quantified, testimonials of fibromyalgia sufferers indicate that all of these alternative treatments may help alleviate symptoms of the disease. Whatever patients decide upon, it must be remembered that there is no simple cure for fibromyalgia, and a comprehensive plan that address mental and psychological symptoms and promotes healthy lifestyle habits is the most direct method of obtaining fibromyalgia pain relief.

What Is Chronic Hyponatremia?

Chronic hyponatremia is a prolonged state of low serum sodium levels, often experienced by patients after surgery. It can also be caused by several conditions such as psychiatric illness. It has a high rate of mortality. Chronic hyponatremia that presents clinical signs and symptoms must be treated immediately. Lack of treatment can result to seizure that may lead to neurologic impairment, coma, and even death. Normal serum sodium level is 135-145 mEq/L. Diagnosis of chronic hyponatremia can be done several days after onset for serum sodium levels drop gradually and steady compared to acute hyponatremia. Signs and symptoms often include:

- Nausea

- Vomiting

- Weakness

- Anorexia

- Restlessness

- Headache

- Confusion

- Lethargy

- Malaise

- Muscle spasms

- Seizures

- Deteriorating level of consciousness

- Coma

Once these symptoms manifest, treatment is necessary. Administration of IV fluid is usually the first step in treating chronic hyponatremia. Depending on the type of hyponatremia and severity of symptoms, IV fluid can be of 0.9% saline (isotonic) or 3% saline (hypertonic).The correction is done rapidly but with caution in patients with severe hyponatremia due to danger of brain herniation. Mild cases are often treated with fluid restriction of 1-1.5 liters of free water in a day. Fluid restriction is very important especially if there is presence of SIADH.

Raising serum sodium levels should be at a rate of no more than 1 mEq/L for every hour. For patients with severe hyponatremia symptoms, an hourly rise of 2 mEq/L for the first 2-3 hours may be done. Total 24-hour raising of serum sodium levels should be equal but not greater than 10 mEq/L. Faster administration poses risk of over-correction leading to osmotic demyelination syndrome.

Additional medication is given for patients having problems in complying with fluid restriction, or who have severe, persistent hyponatremia even through IV management. Demeclocycline (Declomycin) 600 to 1,200 mg is given daily, resulting to elimination of free-water. This medication can cause some effects on the liver and kidneys, requiring caution and careful monitoring on patients with renal and hepatic insufficiency. Arginine vasopressin receptor antagonists are also helpful in treating patients with chronic hyponatremia. It acts on the renal tubules, causing elimination of free water and retention of sodium.

Prompt diagnosis and management of chronic hyponatremia is essential to correct the condition and prevent complications.

How to Manage Your Chronic Pain Naturally Without Dangerous Drugs

What if I told you that you probably have this medicine in your house that can cause a potentially fatal condition to your brain and liver. Would you still take it?

Although the amount of people who will be affected is small, it is still a risk.What medicine am I talking about? Do you know?

It is none other than the common aspirin!

Believe it or not, aspirin has caused a condition known as Reyes Syndrome. What else is probably in your house right now? Non aspirin items, such as Tylenol can also be dangerous to your health. It has been suggested that it can cause liver damage. So it is not any safer than aspirin.

Lets look at another one. Ibuprofen, which seems to be the choice of a vast majority of people, can cause gastrointestinal bleeding. All analgesic painkilling medicines have some risk of serious and even fatal side-effects!

While these side effects will probably only affect a small amount of people, any amount is to much. Medical science wants deals with pain on a reactive basis, natural pain management is all about preventing the pain ever starting rather than dealing with it after it has.

There is in fact no need to use these medicines, because there are plenty of natural substances - herbs and the like - that are often every bit as effective. One is hot pepper.

Hot peppers contain a substance called capsaicin and the hotter it is, the more of this substance it contains. It is a well known fact that eating hot peppers helps improve circulation, strengthen the nervous system and heart, relieve indigestion and increased appetite as well.

For someone who suffers from constant chronic pain because it is believed that it has the ability to reduce the levels of the protein that is believed to transport pain signals from the nerve endings to your brain. If these levels can be reduced, your pain will also be reduced in a similar manner.

When taken internally, capsaicin can assist in managing various gastrointestinal problems as it stimulates the flow of digestive juices. There is also some evidence that the antibacterial qualities of capsaicin can help reduce colds and infections such as flu too!

By combining proactive techniques for preventing pain with using only natural substances to deal with pain, you might be able to throw away the analgesics forever.